Mobility and exile at 2nd century A.D. khirbet edh‐dharih: Strontium isotope analysis of human migration in western Jordan     

Megan A. Perry  Drew Coleman  Nathalie Delhopital 《Geoarchaeology》2008,23(4):528-549

The 2nd century A.D. Roman annexation of the Nabataean Kingdom may have resulted in significant settlement disruption. Here we investigate the possibility that political refugees occupied Khirbet edh‐Dharih after Roman takeover, using strontium isotope analysis of archaeological human dental enamel. We additionally discuss regional patterning of 87Sr/86Sr in western Jordan based on archaeological faunal dental enamel samples to understand strontium isotope spatial heterogeneity and to facilitate interpretation of the Dharih results. Strontium isotope analysis of small mammal dentition varied as expected based on bedrock geology, but small faunal sample sizes did not accurately reflect the broad range of biologically available strontium at Dharih. Only one person at Khirbet edh‐Dharh appears to be non‐local based on isotopic data. The status of the remaining individuals is unclear, as they could have originated from Dharih or the Nabataean capital city of Petra. Incorporating modern fauna and soil samples to establish the local value may assist in characterizing the local strontium in a geologically complex area such as Dharih. Futhermore, future analysis of elemental strontium to assess dietary composition and diagenetic contamination would facilitate interpretation of the strontium sources in the Dharih individuals. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

Electron spin resonance as a high sensitivity technique for environmental magnetism: determination of contamination in carbonate sediments   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Nigel P. Crook  Stephen R. Hoon  Kevin G. Taylor  Chris T. Perry 《Geophysical Journal International》2002,149(2):328-337

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A method to mitigate acid-mine drainage in the Shamokin area,Pennsylvania, U.S.A.     

Perry H. Rahn 《Environmental Geology》1992,19(1):47-53

The three anthracite coal fields of eastern Pennsylvania occur in large synclinal basins surrounded by sandstone hogback ridges. The streams draining the coal regions are heavily contaminated by sulfuric acid due to the weathering of pyrite in the abandoned mines and culm. Dams could be built in the water gaps of the streams leaving the basins, forming huge reservoirs. For example, in the western part of the Middle Coal Field (Shamokin-Mt. Carmel area), the construction of four dams would form a reservoir that would inundate practically all the culm banks, abandoned mines, and environmentally abused lands in this coal field. The reservoir (at approximately 410 m elevation) would be approximately 140 sq km in area and could be the source of water for pumped-storage hydroelectricity generation. The water should have moderately good quality and could serve the recreational needs of a vast population of the Middle Atlantic states.  相似文献   

Comparison Between Model Simulations and Field Results for In-Situ Biorestoration of Chlorinated Aliphatics: Part 2. Cometabolic Transformations     

Lewis Semprini  Perry L. McCarty 《Ground water》1992,30(1):37-44

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Modelling Snow Slab Release Using a Temperature-Dependent Viscoelastic Finite Element Model with Weak Layers     

Martin Stoffel  Perry Bartelt 《Surveys in Geophysics》2003,24(5-6):417-430

A two-dimensional thermo-mechanicalplane-strain finite element model forsnow is presented. Snow is modeled asa two component porous medium consisting ofa solid ice matrix and interstitial pore air.The ice and air phases are not always in thermalequilibrium. Therefore, heat transport is governedby two non-stationary energy conservation equationswhich are coupled by free convection heat exchangesat the interfacial ice-air boundary. The icematrix deforms viscoelastically according to anexperimentally-based temperature dependent constitutivelaw. Creep deformation rates are governed by a powerlaw with a density dependent exponent n.The highly nonlinear character of the mechanical modelis illustrated by simulating snowcovers with layersof variable height and density. Weak layerinterfaces – believed to be the location of initiationof snow slab fracture – are modeled using specialfinite elements which transfer normal stresses buthave little or no shear resistance. Stress andstrain-rate concentrations at the boundaries ofweak zones are calculated and compared withbrittle fracture strain-rates.  相似文献   

Correlation of Upper Cretaceous strata from Lima Peaks area to Madison Range, southwestern Montana and southeastern Idaho, USA     

T.S. Dyman  R.G. Tysdal  W.J. Perry  Jr  J.D. Obradovich  J.C. Haley  D.J. Nichols 《Cretaceous Research》1997,18(6):751-766

An⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age of 85.81 Ma±0.22 my was obtained on sanidine from a volcanic procellanite bed near the top of the 2135+m-thick Upper Cretaceous Frontier Formation in the Lima Peaks area of southwestern Montana. This early Santonian age, combined with previously determined age data including a palynological age of Cenomanian for the lower Frontier at Lima Peaks, and a U-Pb isotopic date of about 95 Ma for the base of the Frontier Formation in the eastern Pioneer Mountains north of the Lima Peaks area, provides an age range for the nonmarine formation. In the Madison Range, farther east in southweastern Montana, this age range corresponds to marine strata of not only the Frontier Formation, but also the overlying Cody Shale and Telegraph Creek Formation, a sequence that totals less than 760 m thick.The Upper Cretaceous marine formations of the madison Range are closely zoned by molluscan faunas that are well constrained with radiometric dates. The⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age of 85.81 Ma±0.22 my at Lima Peaks is bracketed by radiometric dates for theScaphites depressus—Protexanites bourgeoisianusbiozone and the overlyingClioscaphites saxitonianus—Inoceramus undulatopilcatusbiozone of the Western Interior. Fossils of both of these biozones are present in the Cody Shale and the Telegraph Creek Formation in the Madison Range. The Telegraph Creek contains two units of volcanic ash that are approximate time equivalents of the volcanic procellanite of the Lima Peaks area. Clasts in the conglomerate of the upper part of the Frontier in the Lima Peaks area were shed during the initial stages of uplift of the Blacktail-Snowcrest Highlands which rose to the north. The dated porcellanite lies above the conglomerates and indicates that the uplift was initiated by middle or late Coniacian, 87–88 Ma.  相似文献   

Localized Anisotropic Transmissivity in a Karst Aquifer   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Earl A. Greene  Perry H. Rahn 《Ground water》1995,33(5):806-816

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Column Studies on Methanotrophic Degradation of Trichloroethene and 1,2-Dichloroethane     

Nancy A. Lanzarone  Perry L. McCarty 《Ground water》1990,28(6):910-919

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Practical considerations in the application of simulated annealing to stochastic simulation   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Clayton V. Deutsch  Perry W. Cockerham 《Mathematical Geology》1994,26(1):67-82

Realizations generated by conditional simulation techniques must honor as much data as possible to be reliable numerical models of the attribute under study. The application of optimization methods such as simulated annealing to stochastic simulation has the potential to honor more data than conventional geostatistical simulation techniques. The essential feature of this approach is the formulation of stochastic imaging as an optimization problem with some specified objective function. The data to be honored by the stochastic images are coded as components in a global objective function. This paper describes the basic algorithm and then addresses a number of practical questions: (1) what are the criteria for adding a component to the global objective function? (2) what perturbation mechanism should be employed in the annealing simulation? (3) when should the temperature be lowered in the annealing procedure? (4) how are edge/border nodes handled? (5) how are local conditioning data handled? and (6) how are multiple components weighted in the global objective function?  相似文献   

Counterurbanisation and the characteristics of persons migrating to West Cornwall   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K.G. Dean  D.P. Shaw  B.J.H. Brown  R.W. Perry  W.T. Thorneycroft 《Geoforum》1984,15(2):177-190

Studies at the macro-scale have indicated that many remote rural areas are for the first time in over a century experiencing population growth while metropolitan areas are losing population. In this paper theories of counterurbanisation directed towards explaining the redistribution of population at a national or regional scale are criticised and a more localised research framework is proposed. Such a framework is constructed for the examination of migration into West Cornwall. Results from a postal questionnaire survey of seven study areas in West Cornwall are used to illustrate differences between three population subgroups, namely, return migrants, non-return migrants and non-migrants. Clear differences emerge not only between the population subgroups but between the study areas as well. In conclusion, it is suggested that this middle-range approach should be adopted more widely in order to gain greater insight into the counterurbanisation process and to increase the prospect of relating macro-processes to local trends and human experience.  相似文献